No connections are not sealed very solid oxide fuel cell power generation success

Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences of the Digital Camera Battery solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) research group developed a “tube does not seal without joins a very solid oxide fuel cell” power generation is successful, the project was completed in January 30 by the Organization of Science and Technology ” 863 “project acceptance.

Solid oxide fuel cell structure is different from the existing cell structure at home and abroad, eliminating the previous tubular solid oxide fuel cell of the ceramic must be used very connected and therefore I no longer need to seal the work area, reducing the difficulty of the production process; to take matrix with a combination of multiple single-tube combined into a one cell battery. The results of the previous battery simplifies the manufacturing process, significantly reducing production costs and improve the integration density, make it accessible for practical use, will promote (SOFC) technology, faster development. Solid oxide fuel cell fuel gas a wide range of options, in addition to methane and other fossil fuels can be used in addition to methane, ethanol, methanol, diesel and other biomass energy. Solid oxide fuel cell power generation efficiency of 60% utilization efficiency of 80%, while the efficiency of conventional thermal power plants was only 35%, with the growing scarcity of fossil fuels, will show a big advantage.

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has broad application prospects, both for the people living in discrete communities and provide a reliable energy supply, as an independent distributed power plants, but also as a power grid, supplementing the insufficient power supply, while electricity DSLR Battery Grip generated when The exhaust gas and waste heat can be used for domestic heating or heat source such as a water heater on the efficient utilization of renewable energy has a great significance.

Each single-tube just like a pen, while the battery pack nothing but the size of two cups. The photo shows the two battery pack composed of modules. Use of generating power 35W / group of single-cell group composed of four battery packs consisting of the stack had 500 hours of running test, thermal cycling more than 15 times, 30 such batteries can form a kilowatt of cell stack, 300 such single-battery pack you can have 10 kilowatts of generating capacity.

Wagner: The Government should tax cuts to promote the development of alternative fuel vehicles

General Motors CEO Wagoner has called on the U.S. government, through tax relief or the provision of fuel subsidies and other preferential policies to promote ethanol, hydrogen fuel cells and other alternative fuels and related technology.

Wagner, an auto industry conference the same day warned that the current U.S. energy policy back to the traditional risks. He said that automobile manufacturers in the automotive alternative fuels should be duty-bound to work hard, but the government departments and other industries Canon EOS 30D Battery Grip such as oil, electricity, battery production enterprises and research institutions should make a difference in this regard.

He stressed that, despite the current international price of crude oil has dropped to below 52 U.S. dollars a barrel, but he did not believe that this relatively low price to be sustainable. No matter how crude oil prices in the short term fluctuations, the U.S. government should actively promote the development of alternative fuels in order to ensure energy security and diversity.

It is understood that the New York Mercantile Exchange, February delivery of light crude oil futures closed at 51.21 U.S. dollars per barrel for the May 26, 2005 the lowest closing price since. This year, international oil prices drop more than 16%.

Nissan launched the world’s first battery-Taxi

Recently, Nissan Motor Co., Kanagawa urban transport companies to deliver a hydrogen fuel cell-powered new X-TRAIL (TRAIL) fuel cell vehicles. This is the world’s first fuel cell vehicle for taxi service.

X-TRAIL fuel cell vehicle equipped with Nissan’s fuel cell group of independent R & D and compact lithium battery pack, making this fuel cell vehicle ownership and gasoline-powered X-TRAIL the same outstanding dynamic performance. At the maximum speed and acceleration cases, the fuel cell can Canon EOS 40D Battery Grip be output and comparable gasoline engines up to 90 kilowatts of power.

The use of the air fuel cell technology, renewable elements — adequate oxygen and hydrogen, hydrogen fuel and oxygen through a chemical reaction, so that cars emit only water vapor, thereby achieving zero emissions.

Environment protection and energy the battery has been mourning the market oriented government need to target consumers

One side is a policy-oriented pressure on the side of the market reaction to cold

From the 1997 China Light Industry Association, the National Environmental Protection Bureau, Bureau of Technical Supervision Bureau and other nine ministries and commissions jointly issued “on the restriction of the provisions of mercury batteries” has nearly 10 years, however, as a green energy-saving battery mainstream product alkaline batteries, currently in China’s market coverage in only 20%, not only in developed countries 80% -90% of the high penetration rate far, that is, from the national “Tenth Five-Year Plan” for 30% of the target there is still a great distance.

One side is a policy-oriented pressure on the side of it is lukewarm response from the market, this situation will make those who doubt desperate to make a transition alkaline battery production enterprises feel more intolerable loss. In the face of policy-oriented and market-oriented fork in the road formed, it is Canon EOS 300D Battery Grip estimated the hearts of those battery companies will continue to exist such a question: in the end should be toward the policy or should we go toward the market go?

Policy-oriented market under the embarrassment of

In 1997, nine ministries and commissions Bureau launched a “limited battery products on the mercury content requirement” in the notification requirement, since January 1, 2001, the ban of mercury in the domestic production of various types of battery weight is greater than 0.025% of the battery; Since January 1, 2005, the ban on domestic production of mercury batteries is greater than the weight of 0.0001% of the alkaline zinc-manganese batteries (not mercury content of less than 2% of the alkaline manganese and silver oxide button batteries). Through policies aimed at the baton, the first source in the production of high standards and strict requirements, and thus drive the market, consumption, in order to achieve the popularity of green energy-saving process of the battery.

In fact, the traditional carbon-zinc batteries for the pollution problem, there is a sense of responsibility in the policy promulgation of the battery business as early as the beginning before they take the lead in developing environmentally friendly batteries. The last century, the early 90s, the domestic battery industry to give up the boss at that time Nanfu unified domestic market, carbon-zinc batteries, the negative high mountains of debt for imported equipment from abroad and turned green battery manufacturing. In 1997, Nanfu Battery undertake innovative projects — the state “high-energy mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries and equipment development” research, and embarked on the road of independent innovation, and in 2000 completed a remarkable research and development tasks and achieve a full series of alkaline battery “no mercury, no cadmium, lead-free” and environmentally friendly production.

Through national policy guidance and highlight the leading role of enterprises, domestic battery many large enterprises have started their transformation, production of both environment protection and energy of alkaline batteries, so as to drive the domestic alkaline battery production process. It is understood that the first introduced Canon EOS 350D Battery Grip in 1995 the first batch of green cells, the entire output of alkaline batteries also more than 10 100 million, and now has grown to 60-70 billion cigarettes.

But the need to be aware that the alkaline batteries in absolute terms in recent years to achieve a doubling of growth was the creation of a substantial increase in overall demand in the market under the premise, the alkaline batteries in the battery product sales accounted for some proportion of it is slow growth, at present only about 20%. In foreign countries, as early as 1996, the United States, Canada, alkaline battery market share has reached 86% or more, Europe is also a high prevalence areas of alkaline batteries, alkaline batteries in Japan in 2004 has reached 61%. But in China, the market is clearly on the vast number of consumers have not yet ignited the consumption of alkaline batteries warm.

In fact, the policies to guide the battery cell production, while energy-saving environmental protection, the relevant state departments and industry associations are also actively doing business Tuiyou limit inferior work, and strive for environmental protection to create a good energy-saving battery consumption environment. Since August last year, started by the National Quality Supervision and Test Center battery-light special testing, Nanfu, 555 and 11 backbone enterprises of mercury in alkaline manganese batteries are lower than the mercury content of mercury-free battery-limited targets, fully in line with national nine ministries and commissions Agency requirements; China Battery Industry Association, decided that the 11 brands of alkaline manganese battery identified as the first “green alkaline manganese battery products,” recommended to the public. This 11 key enterprises of alkaline manganese batteries are in line with national standards of quality, are the long-term storage, power and stability, but their mercury levels were below 0.0001%, of which Nanfu other three brands of mercury in alkaline manganese batteries is only 0.00002% , well below the limit. Such as mercury, close to or even lower than the uncontaminated soil naturally mercury content of waste mercury-free alkaline manganese batteries can be mixed with garbage collection and landfill.

However, that is, relevant state departments and under the joint efforts of manufacturing enterprises Canon EOS 400D Battery Grip, environmental protection and popularization of energy-saving battery, or the pace is so slow, because a lot of people in the trade have been laid bare the truth: In the market, there is still a considerable spending is a key concern.

The crux of environment protection and energy consumption of the battery

Policy orientation of the manufacturing enterprises often can play an immediate effect, but the impact of consumers have to play a much weaker.

While the battery environment protection and energy issues, causing the state and the community attaches great importance, but in the eyes of the vast majority of consumers, the role of the battery life is just ordinary consumer goods, and soap, toothbrushes little different. “No. 1, a carbon-zinc batteries discarded after the 1 square meter of land can lose value, can make 10 cubic meters of water contamination,” such a concept in the minds of many consumers are almost zero. Thus, to a large extent, consumers will not buy batteries to spend too much thought.

In addition, many consumers mind awareness of the potential savings are tied with the consumption of alkaline batteries. Because the price of alkaline batteries than ordinary carbon-zinc batteries is higher, many consumers feel that carbon-zinc batteries cheaper and affordable, especially in the broader rural domestic market, consumption of carbon-zinc batteries is more direct.

China Battery Industry Association, vice chairman and secretary general, said Wang Jingzhong, alkaline manganese batteries and zinc-manganese batteries compared to the actual results should be more than six times the price, from a retail perspective, is almost 6 times. This is a more reasonable price. The implementation of mercury-free batteries is to environmental protection, increased costs, but not transferred to the consumers. Only in this way, green, environmentally-friendly alkaline manganese batteries can get consumer recognition laptop battery , more rapid promotion, environmental protection purposes only hope to achieve.

Government-driven need to target consumers

Leveraging policy-oriented production enterprises, but did not leveraging consumers, it brings not only loss for the enterprise and helplessness, and of course the cruel pressure of survival. Battery companies in order to product transformation, is bound to increase the fixed assets investment, technical input, human investment and so on, for example, the annual investment Nanfu 2% of annual turnover to research and development. If the market does not generate sufficient returns to enable enterprises of inputs and outputs more harm than good is bound to seriously shake the confidence in the development of enterprises. This is clearly very serious consequences.

Clearly, the view of the current market for green energy-saving battery consumption, the principal contradiction, policy-oriented consumers also need to turn round at gunpoint.

In fact, the policy-oriented enterprises for environmental protection to the battery energy-saving requirements of the development, it is also engaged in guiding the work of market consumption. With regard to battery production and use of the relevant policies have explicitly pointed out: “to step up publicity and education, to encourage and support consumers to use mercury content of less than 0.0001% of the high-performance alkaline zinc-manganese batteries: To encourage and support consumers to refuse to purchase and use of poor quality, and counterfeit battery products, and not properly marked on the battery identification products. “However, this policy, the majority of consumers are actually caused much of the response is laptops battery unknown.

Lead battery raw materials, export tax rebate cancellation price of a call

In early November last year, the domestic market lead prices up to 15.3 thousand yuan / ton. According to statistics, in 2006 the average price of domestic refined lead is about 12,111 yuan / ton, up 29.3 percent from a year earlier, in recent months, the price of lead is still in an upward trend.

Experts believe that higher prices lead to lead three main factors: First, the West lead the market balance; second inventory; 3 is due to abolition of refined lead in China’s export tax rebate policy.

Raw materials, competition is still fierce

China’s refined lead production was mainly native lead, the proportion of Secondary Lead is not large, so concentrate smelting enterprises assurance of supply is particularly important. The past two years, more of China’s new capacity, raw materials has become fierce competition. In 2006, China 60% lead concentrate grade average price of 9417 yuan / ton, up 27.7% year on year.

In 2006, China’s output of the top 20 of the refined lead production enterprises in Henan Yuguang laptop batteries Gold & Lead Group Co., Ltd. with 28.8 million tonnes of production continued to rank first. Production change was more lead-zinc Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province, the mine does not produce refined lead until it is 100% holding in 2006, non-ferrous metal company in Yunnan, Li-Xin has 60,000 tons of lead and 100,000 tons crude power of lead capacity. Aggregate point of view, the top 20 corporate share of total lead increased from 57.7% in 2005 to 53.4%, non-large-scale mining and lead smelters cut production sharply higher prices to stimulate the widespread expansion of small enterprises, resulting in the production concentration degree decline.

Battery demand areas

In addition, the lead up was also due to lead in major areas of consumption still retains its strong momentum. China’s lead consumption, mainly in the field of lead-acid batteries. In 2006 China’s share of lead in lead-acid battery consumption of the proportion of total consumption is about 72%. The field of lead-acid battery of final consumption mainly in three areas: the automotive sector (excluding agricultural vehicles, military vehicles, etc.), electric vehicle field and the export of lead-acid batteries.

With China’s rapid economic development, refined lead most of the major areas of consumption will remain a good momentum, but because of the export tax rebate abolition of lead-acid batteries, lead-acid battery exports will be affected. Therefore, the refined lead consumption growth can not keep up with the increase in production, China will have more refined lead for export. Some experts expect China’s refined lead production in 2007 will be 305 million tons, consumption of 2.45 million tons or so, laptop battery the net exports of refined lead volume will reach 55 million tons. However, due to high cost and refined lead abolished export tax rebates, export prices have risen. With the continuous expansion of production capacity, ore will be more intense competition, in 2007 China’s refined lead production costs will be maintained at a high level.

Forecast a modest decline in price will lead

It was also predicted that the last two years of lead prices rose sharply depleted global stocks of lead, LME inventories have reached a very low historical levels. End of 2006, LME stocks at 4 million tons, which is the lowest level since 1990. In the dealers and manufacturers have very low inventory situation, the global lead in inventory to return to historically normal levels and also take some time in 2007 will not be much increase in inventories of lead.

Some experts have analyzed China’s refined lead exports are expected to continue to increase, while the West supply gap is gradually narrowing, therefore, the supply of the West in 2007 the level of tension will be eased, the global refined lead will occur a certain amount of surplus is expected in 2007 the world’s refined lead surplus of 117,000 tons.

By the end of 2006, lead prices rose more than other basic metals rose, the fund of lead will not be much interest in the market. Therefore, LME lead prices is expected in 2007 showed an overall downward trend.

2007 domestic lead prices will also follow the international price fluctuations, as a falling dollar and Dell Battery the yuan’s appreciation, the ratio of domestic prices began to shrink in 2006 has dropped to 9.4 or so. Is therefore expected that in 2007 the average price of domestic lead 12.4 thousand yuan / tons.

Nano-coating material to enhance the efficiency of solar cells

New non-reflective coating materials, nanotechnology is expected to enhance the efficiency of solar cells and LED

According to the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) message, the U.S. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) researchers have recently developed an almost non-reflective coating of nano-materials, reflective rate is only currently used electronic equipment coating a fraction of the material. The material is expected to create more efficient light-emitting diode (LED) and solar batteries to create the conditions. The research is published in the March 1 of the “natural – Photonics” on.

The new nano-coating materials, optical materials, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute is the expert Fred Schubert and colleagues through the aluminum nitride (AlN) substrate deposited on silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide vapor to get. Researchers make silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide formed in the blanket-like AlN nanorod arrays, each root nanorods of about 50 nanometers wide, and to a certain angle oblique Qiao Zhao.

In general, the greater the difference between the two kinds of refractive index, light reflection through the interface will be more intense. In electronic equipment, reflecting the loss of light the surface of solar cells will reduce its energy conversion efficiency. Thus, a long time, scientists hope to find a way to control the reflex.

As a newly developed coating materials, the refractive index of air is almost the same, so reflections are extremely weak. Schubert said that the material of low refractive index due to its porous nature. Nanorod arrays by five-story lined up, the researchers realized the coating material of different refractive index of 2.03 from the bottom to the top of the 1.05 (air is 1), the total degree of reflection can be reduced to 0.1%. Another excellent performance of this new material is that it applies to many different wavelengths and incident angles Inspiron E1505 Battery of light.

Despite the paper’s lead author Fred Schubert and Jong Kyu Kim that they invented this new material is not in the windshield and glasses can be used, but the University of California, LED lighting expert Steven DenBaars said, “This is what I have seen anti-reflective effect of One of the best materials, nano-coating, which LED brightness can be increased by 5% to 10%. “